Karen M. Chapman-Novakofski, PhD, RD
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Copyright 2008 Wolf Rinke Associates, Inc. All rights reserved for this self-directed, accredited learning program. Reproduction in whole or part without written permission from the publisher is prohibited.
Customer Comments
Susan Brinkmeier: "I especially appreciated the comprehensive overview of supplements and the medication guides. The case studies were realistic and made me re-think some of my approaches to clients."
Carol Darlow: "Informative information. Useful to my job as an LTC RD. Cost reasonable."
Lisa Maroun: "Besides the knowledge, the case studies, you provided answers to improve the learning experience."
Donna Christman: "I enjoyed that it was to the point but contained much information."
Sheila Wooden: "Easy to read, kept your interest, will be a good reference
source."
Overview and Instructions
Overview and Instructions
Nutrition professionals must be aware of the special needs of older adults-the
fastest growing segment of our population. There are more older adults than
ever participating in community and outreach health programs, and seeking independent
nutritionists for consultation about their health practices. To meet the nutritional
needs of the older adult, nutrition professionals must understand the rationale
for specific nutrient recommendations in both preventive health and therapeutic
nutrition.
This self-directed, accredited learning program begins with an explanation of
the nutrient requirements that change with age. As the new Recommended Dietary
Intakes become more widely implemented, this information will be vital to health
educators, clinical nutritionists, administrative dietitians and other nutrition
professionals.
In chapter 2, the rationale and practical application of nutrition in the prevention
and treatment of chronic disease is introduced. The conditions covered include
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis. These concepts are
further developed in chapter 3 with a review of how antioxidants impact the
aging process, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The antioxidants vitamin C,
-carotene, and vitamin E are reviewed and practical application is provided.
Chapter 4 focuses on supplements. Potential uses and probable cautions provide
nutrition professionals with useful information for their clients and patients.
Chapter 5 addresses medications and focuses on the four common diseases of the
elderly: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Potential
interactions, impacts on nutritional status, and an explanation of various medications
are included. Two case studies provide practice and application.
This is a level 2 Continuing Professional Education (CPE) learning program approved
for 12 Continuing Professional Education Units (CPEUs). That means that the
learner has little or no prior knowledge of the geriatric nutrition literature.
The focus is to increase knowledge and application by the learner.
We suggest you follow these learning guidelines:
" Review the objectives for the learning program.
" Read each chapter. Stop and think about how this might apply to situations
you have experienced.
" Read the case studies carefully, practicing the application of the information
in each case.
" Assess what you have learned by completing the self-assessment instrument
at the end of this learning program.
" Compare your answers to the answer key provided. For those that you answered
incorrectly, read the explanations and review the material in the appropriate
chapter.
" Calculate your total score. If you score at least 80% correct, you are
ready to transfer your answers to the CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION REPORTING
FORM. If you scored less than 80% correct, re-read this learning program and
re-take the self-assessment until your score is at least 80% correct.
" After you have successfully completed this program, mail or fax the completed
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION REPORTING FORM to:
Wolf Rinke Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 350
Clarksville, MD 21029
fax: 410-531-9282
Upon receipt of your successfully completed CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
REPORTING FORM, 12 CPEUs will be reported to the accrediting agency which you
specify.
STUDY WELL AND ENJOY THE LEARNING PROCESS!
Karen Chapman-Novakofski, RD, LDN, PhD
Goal and Objectives
Goal
To provide you with comprehensive nutrition information that will enable you
to counsel elderly clients and improve the quality of their life.
Objectives
As a result of studying and applying the information presented in this accredited,
self-directed learning program, you will be better able to:
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: Nutrient Requirements That Change With Age 7
Calories 8
Protein 14
Vitamin A 19
Vitamin D 23
Vitamin B6 28
Vitamin B12 32
Calcium 37
Chapter 2: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease 43
Cardiovascular Disease 43
Hypertension 52
Cancer 53
Diabetes Mellitus 60
Osteoporosis 65
Chapter 3: Antioxidants and Aging 73
Vitamin C, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease 74
-carotene, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease 78
Vitamin E, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease 80
Antioxidants and Macular Degeneration 81
Chapter 4: Supplements 87
Potential Uses of Dietary Supplements 88
Probable Cautions When Considering Supplementation 94
Chapter 5: Medications and the Elderly 99 Nutritional Considerations in the
Drug Management of
Cardiovascular Disease 99
Nutritional Considerations in the Drug Management of Cancer 106
Nutritional Considerations in the Drug Management of Diabetes 111
Nutritional Considerations in the Drug Management of Osteoporosis 114
Case Studies 119
Osteoporosis 119
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease 124
References 129
List of Abbreviations 149
Self-Assessment Questions 153
Answer Key 165
Explanations to Self-Assessment Questions 167
About the Author 175
About Wolf Rinke Associates, Inc. 176
About the Author
Karen Chapman-Novakofski, RD, LD, PhD is a registered and licensed dietitian
with more than twenty years experience working with the elderly. For eleven
years she was a nutrition support team dietitian at a Veterans Administration
Medical Center where she worked with severely malnourished aging veterans.
Today, Dr. Chapman-Novakofski is an Associate Professor of Nutrition in the
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, the Division of Nutritional
Sciences, and the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Illinois.
Her research, teaching, and outreach efforts focus on geriatric nutrition. Dr.
Chapman-Novakofski has published more than fifty journal articles and abstracts,
and teaches geriatric nutrition to both nutrition and medical students. Her
outreach efforts in geriatric nutrition education include state and national
conference presentations, and distribution of educational materials. In her
role as an extension specialist at the university, Dr. Chapman-Novakofski collaborates
with many public and private agencies in the delivery of nutrition education
and nutrition services to the older adult in Illinois.